7 countries with the largest international migrant populations

Migration is shaping the 21st century like few forces have in history. People move for work, education, family, refuge and opportunity, and the scale of this movement has never been greater. According to 2025 United Nations report, the number of international migrants worldwide reached 304 million in 2024, nearly doubling since 1990 as global mobility expands across borders and continents.

As cities grow, labor markets shift, and global linkages deepen, more people than ever are living outside their country of birth, making migration not just a demographic statistic but a social and economic reality that touches every region of the world.

Here are the 7 countries hosting the largest international migrant populations

The US has long been a top destination for international migrants due to its diverse economy, education opportunities and established diasporas. From European migrations in the early 20th century to recent flows from Latin America, Asia and Africa, the country’s migrant population reflects a wide set of global histories and networks.

Germany has attracted large migrant populations, especially from within the EU and from Turkey, the Middle East and North Africa. Migration increased sharply after reunification and following labor agreements in the mid-20th century; more recent flows include refugees and asylum seekers, adding diversity to its migrant communities.

Saudi Arabia’s oil-based economy has long depended on migrant labour. For decades, workers from South and Southeast Asia, along with other Arab nations, have formed a large share of the workforce in construction, service industries, and domestic roles—a trend shaped by the country’s economic expansion and labour policies since the 1970s.

The UK’s colonial history, global education hubs and cultural links have created longstanding migrant networks from South Asia, the Caribbean, Africa and Europe. Migration patterns intensified in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, especially after EU enlargement and shifts in global labor demand.

France has deep migration ties with North and West Africa due to historical colonial connections, coupled with movements from Europe and Asia. Its migrant population has long contributed to urban diversity, particularly in cities like Paris and Marseille.

Spain saw rapid growth in its migrant population in the early 2000s due to demand in agriculture, construction and services. While economic cycles have influenced flows, it remains a key destination for migrants from Latin America, North Africa and Eastern Europe.

Canada’s immigration system emphasizes skilled migration, family reunification and humanitarian programs. This structured approach, along with a high quality of life and multicultural policies, has made it a top destination for migrants from Asia, Europe and the Middle East.