Trump announces new 10% global tariff after Supreme Court ruling: What are Sections 122, 232 and 301? Explained

US President Donald Trump said he would sign new orders aimed at restoring tariffs using alternative legal authorities after the Supreme Court struck down a large portion of his previous measures.

Speaking after the ruling, Trump said he would rely on a set of trade powers known as Section 122 to impose a global 10% tariff across the board. He also said the administration would use another provision, Section 301, to open investigations into what it describes as unfair trade practices, a process that could lead to additional tariffs.


“Effective immediately all national security tariffs under Sec 232 & all existing Sec 301 tariffs remain fully in place and in full force and effect. I will sign an order to impose a 10% global tariff under Sec 122 over and above our normal tariffs."

The Supreme Court ruling against Trump’s tariffs created uncertainty for existing trade agreements with countries such as China, Canada and the UK. It may lead to renegotiations or challenges from those nations as they reassess their positions in light of the court’s decision. This could disrupt ongoing trade negotiations and affect international relations, as countries might reconsider their strategies in dealing with the US.

What is Section 122?

Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 allowed a President to impose tariffs of up to 15% to address what the statute describes as “large and serious” balance-of-payments deficits, an issue linked to trade deficits. However, any tariffs introduced under this authority can remain in place for only 150 days unless Congress votes to extend them.

At least in the short term, such a move would not differ substantially from the baseline 10% global tariff Trump previously imposed, or the 15% tariff he secured in trade agreements with other countries over the past year.

What is Section 232?

Section 232 comes from the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. It allows tariffs or quotas on imports that threaten national security. Trump invoked Section 232 to impose 25% tariffs on steel and 10% tariffs on aluminum in 2018. These affected Canada, Mexico, the EU, and other countries. The tariffs under Section 232 remain in place after the Supreme Court ruling, as they are separate from emergency powers.

What is Section 301?

Section 301 is part of the Trade Act of 1974. It allows tariffs in response to unfair foreign trade practices. These include intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers, or discriminatory measures. Trump applied Section 301 tariffs against China, reaching 25% on hundreds of billions in goods. The goal was to target anticompetitive behavior.