12 oldest cities in the world; know which Indian city is on the list

Cities worldwide have unique stories, especially ancient ones that are steeped in rich cultural heritage, have intriguing histories, captivating architecture, and the enduring imprints of evolving civilizations. These metropolises have weathered time, standing resilient against invasions and natural disasters. Although determining which cities are the oldest in the world is a complex task in the imprecise discipline of ancient history, scholars have been debating around many things to come to a conclusion. This means the ultimate title of ‘world’s oldest city’ will always remain a debatable thing, although we can’t ignore the certain strong contenders that are on this list.

If you are curious by now, here are the 12 world's oldest, continuously inhabited cities, each with a compelling history.

Situated in the Palestinian territories, this place stands as a formidable candidate for the world's oldest continuously inhabited settlement, tracing its origins back to approximately 9,000 BC, as per Ancient History Encyclopedia. Notably, Jericho is also home to the oldest-known protective wall globally – the Wall of Jericho – which as per the records, was built around 8,000 BC.

Damascus, located in Syria, is yet another city that boasts the distinction of being one of the world's most ancient cities. Its origins trace back to the latter part of the seventh millennium BC, serving as a testament to the resilient spirit of its residents throughout the rise and fall of numerous civilizations.

Another gem in Syria's historical crown, Aleppo, has witnessed more than 8,000 years of continuous habitation. The city's archaeological records reveal remnants dating back to 11,000 BC, which also included human settlements.

Upon arrival in Lebanon, one comes across the city of Byblos, known for its extraordinary historical significance. Inhabited by humans from 8800 to 7000 BC, this coastal city has exhibited an impressive capacity for sustained habitation since 5000 BC, serving as a living testament to the resilience of its inhabitants.

Nestled on the sun-kissed shores of Greece is Argos, a city that boasts of the distinction of being one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. Across the centuries of time, Argos has steadfastly embraced a policy of neutrality, wisely avoiding entanglement in the turbulent Greco-Persian Wars.

Renowned as the birthplace of Western civilizations, Athens has a rich heritage dating back to the 11th and 7th millennium BC. The city's earliest human presence set the stage for the development of art, philosophy, and governance, shaping the course of Western history.

Susa, a city of historical significance in the ancient world, faced devastation at the hands of the Assyrians. However, it quickly emerged from ruin, regaining its former splendour under the rule of the Persian Empire. This resilience vividly illustrates the enduring spirit deeply embedded in the city's roots.

Over the centuries, Erbil has been a residence for diverse civilizations, including the Greeks, Persians, Mongols, Romans, and Ottoman Turks. Dominating the city's center is the Erbil Citadel, also called Hawler Castle, an ancient structure with roots tracing back to 2,000 BC. This man-made mound functions as the historical focal point of Erbil.

Occupied for a span of no less than 6,000 years, Sidon held a pivotal status among Phoenician cities due to its strategic position as a vital port on the Mediterranean. Situated in the South Governorate, Sidon stands as the third-largest city in Lebanon. The city gained prosperity and recognition through its glass production, earning a reputation for its progressive nature.

In the heart of Bulgaria lies Plovdiv, a city with roots reaching back to a Neolithic settlement around 4000 BC. Originally a fortified Thracian city, Plovdiv's history unfolds through the hands of Byzantine and Ottoman rulers, leaving imprints on its ancient landscapes.

Believed to be around 4000 to 5000 years old, Jerusalem stands as a testament to the confluence of cultures and religions. Despite facing 52 attacks, the city remains an unwavering storyteller, narrating tales of cultural intersections and historical resilience.

Known as the 'Spiritual Capital of India,' Varanasi's history traces back to the 11th century, offering a spiritual haven for seekers. With a legacy spanning more than 3000 years, this city exudes a surreal vibe and energy, inviting visitors to immerse themselves in its timeless embrace.