Norovirus outbreak in the US: Warning signs and prevention measures explained by doctors

As respiratory diseases like RSV, flu, and Covid tighten their grip across USA, another highly contagious virus Norovirus has joined the fray, making more people sick in the holiday season.The cases in the week of December 5 stood at 91 rising up from 69 the week before that. Last year, the same period saw there 65 or fewer outbreaks per week. The increase in this trend may mean people should take all measures to avoid contracting this stomach bug which may sap your energy and leave you unproductive for a week or so. The virus could even turn deadly for young children, older adults or immuno-compromised people, and it's important not to take it lightly.Norovirus symptoms can begin abruptly and are highly unpleasant. They include vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, fever among others. It can cause dehydration and may require hospitalization if the condition gets too severe."Common symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, fever, headache, and body aches. In some cases, norovirus can lead to dehydration, which can be severe, especially in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems," says Dr Divya Joshi-Consultant-Infectious diseases, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road.The symptoms of norovirus generally develop 12–48 hours after exposure and can last from 1–3 days. "Severe dehydration may present serious threats especially to the weak and vulnerable. The risk category may include a youngster, the old aged, and a person who is immunocompromised," says Dr. Geeta Shroff, Director, NuBella Centre for Women’s Health, New Delhi.No specific treatment is available for norovirus but it is important to manage it symptoms. Since dehydration can be problematic, measures must be taken for staying hydrated by drinking loads of fluids like water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions.Keeping hydrated is important since vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration. It is also imperative to rest in order to gain time for one's body to recover from this infection."After the acute symptoms start to resolve, gradual dietary modifications by the introduction of bland foods such as rice, bananas, and toast should be encouraged since these are easier on the stomach. Such measures may ease the discomfort and hasten recovery from norovirus," says Dr Shroff."To prevent the spread of norovirus, it's essential to wash your hands frequently with soap and water, clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces, avoid close contact with anyone who's sick, and avoid sharing food or drinks with someone who's sick," says Dr Joshi."When it comes to food safety, cooking shellfish thoroughly, washing fruits and vegetables, and avoiding raw or undercooked oysters can help reduce the risk of infection," she adds.Use bleach-based cleaners to disinfect surfaces and objects, which may become contaminated.Place special emphasis on high-touch locations such as door handles and kitchen countertops.Isolate oneself if symptoms present to avoid passing the virus to someone else.Do not cook for others at least 48 hours after your symptoms are resolved.(Picture courtesy: iStock)