BENGALURU: Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have created a sustainable surfactant derived from agricultural waste, potentially transforming industrial chemical synthesis. This innovation could significantly reduce the use of toxic organic solvents in chemical processes, addressing a major environmental concern.
The research team, led by assistant professor Susanta Hazra from the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, has synthesised a surfactant named “CNSL-1000-M” from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a byproduct of cashew processing. This eco-friendly alternative enables water-based reactions for water-sensitive substrates and catalysts, eliminating the need for harmful organic solvents.
“Since we were aiming for the replacement of organic solvents, we felt that the substitute must be bio-based,” explained Pritesh Keshari, the lead author of the study published in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.
The abundance of cashew production in India makes this solution both economical and readily available, the researchers said.
“The surfactant’s unique structure, combining hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, allows it to form micelles (an aggregate of molecules) in water. These micelles create protected, water-free pockets where sensitive chemical reactions can occur. This micellar catalysis mimics natural enzymatic processes, offering a bio-inspired approach to industrial chemistry,” IISc said.
Anticancer DrugsIn tests, CNSL-1000-M demonstrated remarkable efficiency in catalysing the formation of carbon-phosphorus bonds, a crucial step in producing various compounds including anticancer drugs and organic LEDs.
“The new surfactant achieved 80% higher product yields in water compared to traditional organic solvent-based reactions, and a 30% improvement over existing surfactants in aqueous conditions,” IISc said, adding that the innovation could lead to cost savings by enabling the use of less expensive catalysts like nickel complexes instead of pricier alternatives such as palladium.
It also allows for reactions to occur at lower temperatures, further enhancing energy efficiency. The implications of this research extend beyond a single application. Professor Hazra envisions CNSL-1000-M as a versatile medium for various chemical transformations, promoting sustainability across the chemical industry.
“We hope to study micellar chemistry in more detail and use our technology at the industrial level,” he stated. The research team is now looking to collaborate with industry partners to facilitate the transition from toxic organic solvents to this sustainable, water-based alternative.
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