Reduce construction costs by building smarter, say engineers

With construction costs rising, homeowners and architects are increasingly exploring material-efficient alternatives that reduce expenses and environmental impact. From filler slab ceilings that use terracotta pots to cut concrete consumption; to fly ash bricks with high recycled content for internal walls, several design choices can significantly lower the use of construction materials.

“Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks can reduce construction costs because they weigh less than traditional bricks. Their weight is roughly one-third that of conventional bricks. Because AAC blocks are lighter, the building places less load on the foundation, allowing engineers to use less concrete and steel,” said Prakash Ravindran, structural engineer at VRP Consultants. This can reduce concrete consumption by up to 20%.

He added that several contractors blend two construction systems, leading to unnecessary material use and higher costs. They build reinforced concrete frame structures with columns and beams while also incorporating load-bearing brick walls, resulting in duplication of structural elements.

“Instead of extending concrete columns through the entire house, load-bearing terracotta blocks can support the structure above the ground floor, which reduces the usage of cement,” said Anupama Mohanram, head architect at Green Evolution. She also recommends filler slabs, where terracotta bits replace part of the concrete in making roofs.

Fly ash bricks use an industrial waste material that would otherwise end up in dumps, reducing the demand for conventional clay bricks. Unlike conventional clay bricks, they are not fired in kilns, making them more eco-friendly. Fly ash bricks are also durable, suitable for internal walls, and help reduce the environmental impact associated with traditional burnt bricks.

“Use local materials that naturally exist on your site or in your region. Soil from your own land can be used in construction. Instead of vitrified tiles, homeowners can opt for oxide flooring made from lime, iron oxide and water. Unlike cement-based finishes, lime-based oxide flooring becomes more durable with age,” said Nivetha Annamalai, a sustainable architect.

She added that Athangudi tiles are currently cheaper than many vitrified tiles, while local stones such as Kadapa stone and Kota stone are often more economical options and easy to install.